What is cholesterol and where does it come from?
Cholesterol is a waxy substance that comes from two
sources: your body and food. Your
body, and especially your liver, makes all the cholesterol you need and
circulates it through the blood. But cholesterol is also found in foods from
animal sources, such as meat, poultry and full-fat dairy products. Your liver
produces more cholesterol when you eat a diet high in saturated and trans fats.
LDL cholesterol sometimes is called “bad” cholesterol. A high LDL
level leads to a build-up of cholesterol in your arteries. (Arteries are blood
vessels that carry blood from your heart to your body.)HDL cholesterol sometimes is called “good” cholesterol. This is because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. Your liver removes the cholesterol from your body.
Factors You Can Control
Diet
Cholesterol is found in foods that come from animal
sources, such as egg yolks, meat, and cheese. Some foods have fats that raise
your cholesterol level.
For example, saturated
fat raises your low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level more than
anything else in your diet. Saturated fat is found in some meats, dairy
products, chocolate, baked goods, and deep-fried and processed foods.
Trans fatty acids (trans
fats) raise your LDL cholesterol and lower your high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol. Trans fats are
made when hydrogen is added to vegetable oil to harden it. Trans fats are found in some fried
and processed foods.
Limiting foods with cholesterol, saturated fat, and
trans fats can help you control
your cholesterol levels.
Physical Activity and Weight
Lack of physical activity can lead to weight gain.
Being overweight tends to raise
your LDL level, lower your HDL level, and increase your total cholesterol
level. (Total cholesterol is a measure of the total amount of cholesterol in
your blood, including LDL and HDL.)
Routine physical
activity can help you lose weight and lower your LDL
cholesterol. Being physically active also can help you raise your HDL
cholesterol level.
Factors You Can’t Control
Heredity
High blood cholesterol can run in families. An
inherited condition called familial hypercholesterolemia causes very
high LDL cholesterol. (“Inherited” means the condition is passed from parents
to children through genes.) This condition begins at birth, and it may cause a heart
attack at an early age.
Age and Sex
Starting at puberty, men often have lower levels of
HDL cholesterol than women. As women and men age, their LDL cholesterol levels
often rise. Before age 55, women usually have lower LDL cholesterol levels than
men. However, after age 55, women can have higher LDL levels than men.
Outlook (Prognosis)
High cholesterol levels can lead to hardening of the arteries, also called atherosclerosis.
This occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls
of arteries and form hard structures called plaques.
Prevention and Treatment of High Cholesterol
Weight Management
If you’re overweight
or obese, losing weight can help lower LDL cholesterol.
Maintaining a healthy weight is especially important if you have a condition
called metabolic
syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk
factors that raise your risk for heart disease and other health problems, such
as diabetes and stroke.
Physical Activity
Routine physical activity can lower LDL cholesterol
and triglycerides and raise your HDL cholesterol level.
People gain health benefits from as little as 60
minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week. The more active you
are, the more you will benefit.
Cholesterol-Lowering Medicines
In addition to lifestyle changes, your doctor may
prescribe medicines to help lower your cholesterol. Even with medicines, you
should continue the TLC program.
Medicines can help control high blood cholesterol,
but they don’t cure it. Thus, you must continue taking your medicine to keep
your cholesterol level in the recommended range.
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